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Geography
Area
total: 796,095 sq km
land: 770,875 sq km
water: 25,220 sq km
Climate
mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Natural resources
arable land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
People and Society
Population
total: 252,363,571
male: 128,387,797
female: 123,975,774 (2024 est.)
Ethnic groups
Punjabi 44.7%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.4%, Sindhi 14.1%, Saraiki 8.4%, Muhajirs 7.6%, Baloch 3.6%, other 6.3%
Languages
Punjabi 38.8%, Pashto (alternate name, Pashtu) 18.2%, Sindhi 14.6%, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 12.2%, Urdu 7.1%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2.4%, Brahui 1.2%, other 2.4%
Religions
Muslim (official) 96.5% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3.5% (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
1.86% (2024 est.)
Government
Government type
federal parliamentary republic
Executive branch
chief of state: President Asif Ali ZARDARI (since 10 March 2024)
head of government: Caretaker Prime Minister Shahbaz SHARIF (since 3 March 2024)
Legislative branch
description: bicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of:
Senate (96 seats current; members indirectly elected by the 4 provincial assemblies and the federal capital territory indirectly elected by the National Assembly using proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National Assembly (336 seats; 266 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 70 members – 60 women and 10 non-Muslims – directly elected by proportional representation vote; all members serve 5-year terms)
Economy
Economic overview
lower middle-income South Asian economy; extremely high debt; endemic corruption; major currency devaluation; major food insecurity and inflation; environmentally fragile agricultural sector; regional disputes with India and Afghanistan hinder investment
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.268 trillion (2022 est.)
$1.211 trillion (2021 est.)
$1.137 trillion (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$5,400 (2022 est.)
$5,200 (2021 est.)
$5,000 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products
sugarcane, bison milk, wheat, milk, rice, maize, potatoes, mangoes/guavas, cotton, onions (2022)
Industries
textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, surgical instruments, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp
Exports
$38.968 billion (2022 est.)
$35.612 billion (2021 est.)
$27.333 billion (2020 est.)
Exports – partners
US 17%, Germany 7%, China 7%, UAE 7%, UK 6% (2022)
Exports – commodities
garments, fabric, cotton fabric, rice, refined petroleum (2022)
Imports
$76.426 billion (2022 est.)
$76.514 billion (2021 est.)
$52.098 billion (2020 est.)
Imports – partners
China 28%, UAE 8%, Indonesia 6%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Kuwait 5% (2022)
Imports – commodities
refined petroleum, crude petroleum, natural gas, palm oil, cotton (2022)
Exchange rates
Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar –
Exchange rates:
204.867 (2022 est.)
162.906 (2021 est.)
161.838 (2020 est.)
150.036 (2019 est.)
121.824 (2018 est.)
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